The European Position on Syria’s Transitional Phase: Lifting Sanctions and Adhering to a Political Roadmap

The European Position on Syria’s Transitional Phase- Lifting Sanctions and Adhering to a P.

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Bernd Mutzelburg Nasser Zohair

Berlin-Brussels / For more than a decade, the European Union (EU) has maintained a policy of sanctions and diplomatic isolation toward Syria. However, as geopolitical dynamics shift and both Russian and Iranian influence in Syria recede, Europe finds itself at a pivotal moment ripe to re-engage in the Syrian crisis. The EU's return aims to foster stability, facilitate a political transition aligned with democratic values, and support a roadmap that prioritizes national dialogue and inclusive governance.. Repositioning Europe in Syria After 12 Years of Absence Following years of disengagement, the EU is now seeking to play an active and constructive role in Syria’s transitional phase. This renewed involvement comes amid Moscow’s focus on Ukraine and Tehran’s diminishing influence.. With these changes, Europe sees an opportunity to vontribute to steering the transition toward a political settlement that reflects its strategic interest foremost in the  sustained long-term stability of Syria and the region.To this end, the EU is leveraging diplomatic channels to strengthen ties with emerging political actors and reinforce UN-led peace efforts. Additionally, European support for humanitarian and development initiatives is intended to foster stability and to secure a foothold in Syria’s evolving political landscape. A Measured Pragmatism: Conditional Engagement with the New Government Europe’s approach to the transitional government is characterized by pragmatic engagement but within strict parameters. The EU is open to dialogue but insists that any cooperation remains contingent on tangible political reforms. Specifically, European backing hinges on progress in holding democratic elections under UN supervision and drafting a new constitution that reflects the aspirations of all Syrians.

This limited pragmatism means Europe will avoid unconditional support while ensuring that assistance is aligned with concrete steps toward a transparent and inclusive transition. Recognition of New Leadership: Focus on the Political Process The European Union may deal with new political appointments; however, its primary concern remains the broader political process. European support is conditional upon a commitment to holding a National Dialogue Conference, drafting a new constitution, and preparing for internationally monitored elections. For the EU, individual leadership changes are less significant than tangible progress in institutional reforms and democratic governance. Lifting Sanctions: Tactical Adjustment or Strategic Shift? In a significant policy shift, the EU has suspended sanctions on Syria for a one-year period. This decision reflects a cautious yet strategic move aimed at testing the new authorities' commitment to the transition process. However, this relief is not permanent; it will be subject to annual review based on Syria’s adherence to the agreed political roadmap, particularly regarding constitutional reforms and election preparations.By lifting sanctions temporarily, Europe is both showing good will and applying diplomatic pressure while aligning itself with Washington’s broader strategy. The transatlantic consensus remains firm: there will be no open-ended transitional period without demonstrable progress toward democratic reforms.The EU’s Economic Role in Syria: Supporting Infrastructure RehabilitationBeyond political considerations, Europe recognizes that sustainable stability in Syria requires economic support. In the early stages of transition, European assistance could be instrumental in rebuilding critical infrastructure—such as electricity grids, water systems, and roads—to help restore normalcy for civilians and the basis for economic development. The EU is expected to collaborate with institutions like the United Nations and the World Bank to fund development projects. However, financial assistance will be conditional on the transitional government’s commitment to transparency, anti-corruption measures, and economic reforms. Additionally, capacity-building initiatives and private sector engagement will be key to long-term reconstruction efforts. Key European Priorities in Syria’s Transition1. Inclusive Political TransitionThe EU firmly believes that Syria’s transition must encompass all political factions and societal groups. European support is tied to the assurance that the political process remains inclusive and subject to international oversight to ensure fairness and legitimacy.2. Countering Extremism and Ensuring SecurityIn addition to political reforms, combating extremism remains a primary concern for European policymakers. Syria’s fragile state could allow terrorist organizations to regroup, posing a direct security threat to Europe. To counter this, the EU is focused on supporting counterterrorism efforts and strengthening institutional security frameworks.3. Human Rights, Women’s Rights, and Minority ProtectionsHuman rights issues—including gender equality and minority protections—are central to Europe’s engagement in Syria. The EU insists that any future cooperation with the Syrian government be tied to a strong human rights framework. Moreover, European efforts will focus on empowering civil society organizations to safeguard human rights and prevent further violations.Conclusion: Toward a Coherent European Strategy for Syria’s FutureEurope’s position on Syria remains a work in progress, balancing strategic re-engagement with its core principles of democracy and human rights. While the temporary lifting of sanctions signals a willingness to test the waters, European policymakers remain firm in their stance: continued support and  meaningful political progress must go hand in hand.

By adopting a pragmatic yet principled approach, the EU seeks to shape Syria’s transition through three critical pillars—political reform, security stabilization, and human rights protection. As Syria embarks on this delicate transition, Europe aims to play a constructive role in ensuring a future that is both stable and democratic.

Bernd Mutzelburg \ Nasser Zohair Diplomatic and Economic Affairs Unit / Syrian File European Organization for Diplomatic and Economic Policy

European Organization for Diplomatic and Economic PolicyBerlin 10771 Germany Email: info@europolicy.org web: www.europolicy.org  الوثيقة باللغة العربية

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